Abstract: Global initiatives that independently address Infectious Diseases (IDs) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) miss the opportunity to enhance capabilities for both missions. The synergies extend across the spectrum from the molecular etiology to the macro-level capacity-building (space, staff and stuff) for the provision of healthcare. In addition to a biomanufacturing industrial base for vaccines and other medical countermeasures, critical infrastructure for protection from epidemics such as Ebola and pandemics, such as COVID-19, includes a sustainable healthcare system to meet sudden surge capacity. An approach that provides an integrated health system using the flex-competence model supports routine care for cancer and other NCDs, while enabling rapid adaptation for response to emerging infectious diseases.